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two years after the death of mao zedong in 1976, it became apparent to many of china's
leaders that economic reform
was necessary. during his tenure as china's premier, mao had encouraged social
movements such as the great leap
forward and the cultural revolution which had had as their bases ideologies such as
serving the people and maintaining
the class struggle. by 1978 "chinese leaders were searching for a solution to serious
economic problems produced by
hua guofeng, the man who had succeeded mao zedong as ccp leader after mao's death"
(shirk 35). hua had
demonstrated a desire to continue the ideologically based movements of mao.
unfortunately, these movements had left
china in a state where "agriculture was stagnant, industrial production was low, and the
people's living standards had not
increased in twenty years" (nathan 200). this last area was particularly troubling. while
"the gross output value of
industry and agriculture increased by 810 percent and national income grew by 420
percent [between 1952 and 1980] ...
average individual income increased by only 100 percent" (ma hong quoted in shirk 28).
however, attempts at
economic reform in china were introduced not only due to some kind of generosity on
the part of the chinese communist
party to increase the populace's living standards.