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ınternational safety management (ısm) code means the ınternational management code for the safe operation of ships and for pollution prevention as adopted by the assembly, as may be amended by the organization.

the operation of merchant shipping is specialized and complex, governed by comprehensive rules and conventions developed by national and international authorities. ın the final analysis, while the master clearly responsible for the safety of the ship and her crew, the overall responsibility for the administration and safe operation of each ship rests with the owner, or any other organization or person who has assumed the responsibility for the operation of the ship from the owner.

although statistical analysis show that around 80% of all shipping accidents are caused by human error, the real reason of that accidents are caused by structural or equipment lacks.

the task facing all shipping companies is to minimize the scope for poor human decisions, which contribute directly or indirectly to a casualty or a pollution incident. one aim should be to ensure that staff are properly informed and equipped to fulfil their operational responsibilities safely.

the adaptation by no of the ınternational management code for the safe operation of the ships and for pollution prevention is the reflection of this objective on the part of governments. the ısm codes establishes an international standard for safe management and operation of ships by setting rules for the organization of company management in relation to safety and pollution prevention for the implementation of a safety management system.

the rules and regulations governing safety and environmental protection have progressed over time through interrelated stages, all of which have relevance to today's shipping industry. the earliest and most basic stage concentrates on the consequences of safety failures where, in the aftermath of personal injury cases, damage to ship or cargo or environmental pollution, efforts are made to find someone to blame. this creates a culture of punishment where the essential theme is to identify and then to apportion blame, frequently to the last person in the chain of events. the underlying principle is that the threat of punishment influences company and individual behavior to the extent that safety gains a higher priority. a second stage involves the regulation of safety by prescription, where the industry is given sets of rules and regulations to follow. this stage is an advance...